ENG1501 Assignment 2 Student No 50097423 Unique No 553393

ENG1501 ASSIGNMENT NO: 2 UNIQUE NO: 553393 STUDENT NO: 50097423 (b) The Catcher in the Rye (J.D. Salinger) Before answering this question, read the chapter The Novel in Introduction to English Literary Studies, and work through the section on this novel in your Study Guide. Holden Caulfield, the main character in The Catcher in the Rye, is a typical adolescent and is experiencing the problems characteristic of this phase of life. One of his problems is that he is unsure of how to relate to girls. He is not even sure how he feels about them much of the time – in other words, he is ambivalent towards them. Introduction Holden Caulfield is honestly one of the most interesting and complex characters that I have ever come†¦show more content†¦Holden thinks of Sally in a more mature and adult way, compared to how he thinks of Jane, whom he sees as more innocent. He says that Sally is a girl who â€Å"seems intelligent and sophisticated, but is actually stupid† This is a very arrogant attitude of Holden towards women. Why does he say that she is stupid? This is very presumptuous of Holden. Holden doesn’t seem to be able to be sincere with Sally, as much as he is with Jane and he seems to go through the motions instead of actually feeling emotions with her. Holden catapults between total naivety to such wisdom, it is sometimes hard to keep up with him, and I can only imagine how difficult poor Sally must have found it! He wants to run away with her, at a mere sixteen years old and childishly thinks that this would work, it is Sally who maturely points out how silly and absurd that idea would be. Holden really is a contradiction, especially when it comes to girls. Sunny When Holden is approached about the prospect of hiring a prostitute for the night, he thinks that it is â€Å"against his principles† but he is so depressed and cannot think, so agrees to it but immediately regrets his decision. It is in this part of the book that Holden admits that he is still a virgin, even though he often implies that he is very experienced and confident. He really wants to have sex with Sunny so that he can get â€Å"some practise on her, in case I ever get married or anything† Holden however ended up just talking to her as he felt so

Word Communication Is a Comprehensive Method †Free Samples

Question: What Is the Word Communication Is a Comprehensive Method? Answer: Introduction Communication is the process of sending and receiving message between two or more people. Word communication is derived from Latin word comm?nic?re which stands for to share in other words Two- way process of exchanging the details or information (Rosengren, 2000). For any activity communication plays an important role. Further, this report will talk about the communication role in employment based on the case study. Over here it is clear mention that the lady needs to communicate with the customers, top management and the staff members. Aims and objectives Communication plays a vital role in any organization and if we talk about the case study it is important to communicate with employees, with staff members, and with customers. This will lead to the success and helps in achieving the organizational goals (Du, Bhattacharya Sen, 2010). Communication will lead to awareness, clarity in business, affect a business sale, build relationships, compare products etc. Creating awareness: - For the existence of the business, awareness of business is required and for bringing awareness comes with the communication. In the case communication helps to communicate with the customers so that they will be aware caf. Clarity in business:- For cracking any business deal, one need to clear what the other party is asking for what is the demand each and every clarification comes with communication. Affect a business sale: - Business sale will increase when we will communicate with customer what all they want to buy? We can tell about the specialty of the company so this helps in increasing the business sale. Build relationships: - Forming good relationship with customers is only possible through communication. This will make customer feel conformable shopping for and purchasing product from a company. If customer experience will be good they will make their friends and family aware about the company and will lead to good brand value. So in the case staff members to need to provide good customer experience. Compare products: - Consumer who is looking to buy the product needs to compare product with different companies. So business communication helps the customer to understand the value of the company this effect the market position of the company. In the case caf should see the competitors and should communicate more and more as it is new in the market. Scope The term Communication is a wide and pervasive. The scope depends on to whom to communicate the things, target audience is listening a group of people, individuals and crowd. The communicator should ensure that the target audience is clearly identified or not (Sharp, 1988). Talking about the case study communication scope is wide as in the company there is a communication at different levels by different employees. Jessica, a manager has to communicate with employees and with the customers as well. Methods of research This research is done on the bases of personal interview. Personal interview includes the face to face contact; in which interviewer ask questions from interviewee. As the caf is one of my friends caf. The interview helped to identify the employees and members. Interview helps to know about their schedule and their work, which actually helps to understand the role of communication in achieving the goals for the company. Results The observations when personal interview was taking place was that customer at the caf communicated to the staff about the experience in caf so staff member appreciated their choice and asked for suggestions. On the other hand one employee did complain with the manager and he was shouting but manager responded very clam and polite. Communication not only includes talking or sharing thoughts it also includes listening to customer and acknowledging them. Discussion and analysis Communication leads to the success of each and every activity. Human communication occurs in different types such as non-verbal, verbal, written communication, etc. out of these the most used communication form is non verbal. Similarly, there are different theories of communication which was implemented by the caf owners. So that it will be easier for them to manage the customers and to achieve goals. Communication: - The primary theory that is essential to achieve the goals is communication. It acts as conveying information to the other persons. In the caf not only manager need to communicate with the staff but they have to communicate with the top management. This theory is followed by each and every member in the caf and this will lead to achieve the organizational goal. Language and Meaning: - For communication there is a need if purpose of people to share their views and feelings, the words we use to speak that exactly refers to as language. Meaning stands for representing or expressing you views to other person. Language and meaning helps in communication process. In the caf they get different customers so for communicating with them you need to use languages as different peoples know different language. Myths nonverbal communication: - The study at UCLA says that up to 93% of communication is done in the form of non- verbal communication. This type of communication includes body language, facial expressions, eye contact, and gestures (Trimboli Walker, 1987). These non-verbal elements lead to the communication between the persons. In the caf one manager cannot talk to their employees in front of customer, so at that time manager simply through eye contact or with gesture made the staff member to understand what she was willing to say. Culture: - Culture refers to as social behavior of a particular people or society. It is related with the people speaking common language and language is related with the communication. As while communicating common language is used by these groups which make their communication smooth (Leung, Bhagat, Buchan, Erez Gibson, 2005). In the caf different culture communicate in the common language. Hofstedes five dimension of culture: - In the case, there are only 3 levels top management- manager-staff members so employees should not think for power distance. If no of levels increase then they can think for the power distance. Uncertainty avoidance- in the caf, the rules for promoting safety and efficiency is necessary for the employees, Individualism-collectivism-individualism is related to the employees family and friends but when employee are collective or in group they need to be loyal towards the company, Masculinity-femininity- it depends on leaders behavior either leader is competitive in nature or he is caring. Employees will follow the leader. So manager should act according to the situation. Long-termshort-term- if the hierarchy based organization structure is present, the employees of the caf will think for long term goals but if there is no well managed structure the employees will make short term goals (Soares, Farhangmehr Shoham, 2007). Mediated communication: - The communication which is done between the two members with the help or technology or any electronic device is mediated communication (Baltes, Dickson, Sherman, Bauer, LaGanke, 2002). In the case, caf manager need to share the reports or email which includes the information that need to be communicated. Ethics in cyberspace: - Ethics in cyberspace says that there is should be no use of abusive language while using computers and should be clarity while talking, information should not be stealing (Smethers, 1997). Intercultural communication: - It is the study that study about the communication across different cultures and social groups. Daily communication; with individuals or group of different culture is problematic (Van Wieringen, Harmsen Bruijnzeels, 2002). So caf member should know how to communicate with different culture peoples. Emotional intelligence: - It is the capacity of individual to recognize their own and others emotions. It helps to manage or adjust emotions to adapt environments or achieve ones goal (Salovey Mayer, 1990). The caf manager needs to follow theory to overcome with any kind of problems. Purpose of interviewing: - The interview is conducted to get as much as information we can get from the person, it includes one to one contact (Adler, 2013). Caf should interview few customers to know the brand value and suggestion from the customers Conclusion The analysis of case study shows that how the communication plays a vital role in the organization. Not only communication but theories of communication will add on to customer services and will help in achieving organizational goals. In the report there is a brief description about the communication and its theory which helped the caf manager to manage the caf and to deliver best customer service, which will lead to increase brand value and will help in achieving organizational goals. Recommendation In the case study, manager Jessica is performing a good job. Managing the customers and staff members need efforts as this is a new business. So manager is trying to manage and trying to provide best service. With the help of communication about their brand they will be able to create awareness among the customers about the product. Communication theories will help the organization for smooth running References Rosengren, K.H., (2000). Communication: An introduction. First edition. New delhi; Sage publications. Sharp, W.N., (1988). Communications Research: The Challenge of the Information Age. First edition. New york; Syracuse university press. Salovey, P., Mayer, J. D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Journal of Imagination, cognition and personality, vol.9, no.3,pp: 185-211. Van Wieringen, J. C., Harmsen, J. A., Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2002). Intercultural communication in general practice. The European journal of public health, 12(1): 63-68. Smethers, S. (1997). Cyberspace in the curricula: new legal and ethical issues. Journalism Mass Communication Educator, 52(4): 15-23. Baltes, B. B., Dickson, M. W., Sherman, M. P., Bauer, C. C., LaGanke, J. S. (2002). Computer-mediated communication and group decision making: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 87(1): 156-179. Soares, A. M., Farhangmehr, M., Shoham, A. (2007). Hofstede's dimensions of culture in international marketing studies. Journal of business research, 60(3): 277-284. Leung, K., Bhagat, R. S., Buchan, N. R., Erez, M., Gibson, C. B. (2005). Culture and international business: Recent advances and their implications for future research. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(4): 357-378. Trimboli, A., Walker, M. B. (1987). Nonverbal dominance in the communication of affect: A myth?.Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 11(3): 180-190. Adler, L. (2013). What Is the Real Purpose of the Interview? Retrieved on 5th May 2017 from https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20130729040420-15454-what-s-the-real-purpose-of-the-interview Dance, F. E. (1970). The concept of communication.Journal of communication,20(2): 201-210. Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1): 8-19. into groups. This dimension has no political connotation and refers to the

Waitlisted free essay sample

Dear Undergraduate Officer at the University of Wisconsin-Madison- My name is â€Å"† and I have been given a postponed decision at UW-Madison. I completely understand that the undergraduate office has decided to give my application a further review. I want to express my desire for attending the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The University of Wisconsin-Madison has been my first choice ever since I visited the campus freshman year and I have come to the conclusion that the University of Wisconsin-Madison is going to be the best University that I can possibly attend for as an undergraduate student and as a graduate student. When I wake up every morning, the first thing that goes through my head is â€Å"Oh god, I got postponed at the UW-Madison, and what am I going to do if I don’t get in when decisions come out on March 15th?† This is followed by a pang in my chest and me lying there in bed just pondering my life without UW-Madison. We will write a custom essay sample on Waitlisted or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What I ponder: nothing. I cannot imagine my life without going to UW-Madison. I have always seen myself in class when the bell of Carillon Tower rings. I have always seen myself struggling to climb up Bascom Hill in the middle of winter. I have always seen myself studying for my next Developmental Neuroscience exam at the Memorial Library when the clock strikes midnight. But then I get a rush of blood to my head and jump out of bed because I know that I cannot stop working hard. I have to prove to UW-Madison that I am a dedicated, hard-working student. Therefore, I continue to work hard in all my AP classes, go to work, volunteer at the hospital, and intern for a dermatologist. My mental determination to attend the University of Wisconsin-Madison is my daily drive which keeps me focused on reaching my overall goal of becoming a dermatologist. The Undergraduate Office might be thinking that why should be accepting an applicant that has a uniform mixture of A’s and B’s o ver a student that has mostly A’s or even straight A’s? Over the last four years, I have continuously challenged myself by taking AP classes. If I got a â€Å"B† in an AP class, I did not back down. Instead, I worked harder to pull my grade up. I did not back down from the challenge because I wasn’t successful the first time. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison I will continue to keep up this determination by being ready to take more challenging courses, and make myself more diverse by joining Student Organizations like Asha for Education and rushing for the Alpha Chi Omega Fraternity. I am aware the University of Wisconsin-Madison will ultimately base their decision on my G.P.A which is a 3.5 and my ACT score which is 28. I know that I am on the lower end of the average G.P.A. but this is because of the number of AP classes I took as well as the number of leadership organizations I took part in. I have recently sent in another ACT score in which I re ceived my highest score in reading: 30. I cannot see myself at any other University besides the University of Wisconsin-Madison for the next 8 years. I want the whole freshman package to be completed here: attend a Badger’s game as a student, gain my freshman 15, pulling all- nighters in my dorm room and basically starting a new life. You are only a college freshman once, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison has it all to MY freshman college experience perfect.

Timothy Leary

Timothy Leary Timothy Leary "Turn on, tune in, drop out." That saying has turned into the slogan of Timothy Leary's mind-expanding movement. Although a graduate of both West-Point and Berkley, and a Harvard professor, these were not his greatest lifetime achievements. Throughout his publicized life, he became the spokesperson of the psychedelic age. His devotion to the belief that LSD and marijuana were gateways to enlightenment resulted in a new church, numerous prison sentences, and a following of both celebrities and the general public. When people think of Timothy Leary their immediate response is "Turn on, tune in, drop out," his trademark line, although the meaning of it has often been misinterpreted. Playboy Magazine had thought that his message was advocating, "getting high and dropping out of school," (Marwick 311). When asked by the magazine to explain the meaning of the phrase he responded, " 'Turn on' means to contact the ancient energies and wisdoms that are built into your nervous sy stem.Turn On, Tune In, Drop Out (Original Movie Soundtr...

Analysis of the Movie Crash Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analysis of the Crash - Movie Review Example In the movie, the white undercover cop shot the black undercover counterpart and it is revealed that he had gunned down two other black men in the past, which is a pointer towards his hatred of black people. racism gets to its peak when the advisor of the District Attorney together with the black detective get busy at making sure the white cop is incarcerated and charged with racism without even conducting an investigation into the matter and giving the white cop a chance to defend himself. Racism can affect the society significantly if allowed to thrive. It curtails harmonious living among people of different racial backgrounds. Racism also leads to inequality in resource distribution, where the â€Å"superior† race receives a larger share of the national cake than other races. This breeds animosity between races. Also, racism does not allow all citizens to contribute to the societal building because it promotes a group to feel superior to others, which jeopardizes the chances of working together to better the society. Finally, racism is a killer of morality in the society. It perpetuates moral decadence through stereotyping and prejudice among society  members.

Optimum compromise in current UK intellectual property law Essay

Optimum compromise in current UK intellectual property law - Essay Example Many complex questions are posed about intellectual property rights (IPRs) as the laws develop to take on EU directives. Against this backdrop is the central paradox of intellectual property law needing to control access to IPRs but simultaneously permitting non-owners access to those same rights. It is said achieving an optimum compromise here has always proven controversial. Definition and categories. Intellectual Property is the name given to new ideas or concepts with practical application that the law recognises as having value by providing legal protection.4 IPRs are legal property rights that have an owner who can choose to sell or licence the IP to a third party or prevent their copying or using the idea without the owners' permission.5 IP are generally categorized as - Copyright is an automatic and unregistered right protecting all manner of written works, drawings, artwork, photographs, films, websites, software and music.8 It protects the author's original expression as contained in the work but not the ideas.9 It lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years, giving exclusive rights to the author to prevent others from copying his work.10 The idea is that writers and artists should get some reward not only in their lifetime but for the benefit of their descendents as well.11 The first statute in Britain to refer to the rights of the author was the Statute of Anne in 1709, 12 but there was no real belief in the "rights of the author." 13 The efforts to protect copyright of British authors who publish abroad eventually led to the Berne Convention on Copyright of 1886.14 Later, the Treaty of Rome in 1928 gave more teeth to moral rights of authors in a higher profile of an international treaty. Next came the 1988 Copyright, Designs and Patents Act that made explicit connection between the economic rights and moral rights of the author.15 Obtaining now is the 2003 Copyright and Related Rights Regulations aimed to bring legal protection up to date with the digital environment. 16 Copyright generally covers the economic and moral rights of the author. The right to copy in copyright is alienable, i.e. it can be sold, licensed or given to a second party. However, the rights to alter a work, and to be represented as the

Managerial Leadership role for Nurses’ Use of Research Evidence Essay Example for Free

Managerial Leadership role for Nurses’ Use of Research Evidence Essay The rapid noticeable change in healthcare delivery coupled with professional responsibilities of nurses to incorporate research evidence into their decision making underscores the need to understand the factors involved in implementing evidence-based practice. Linking current research findings with patients’ conditions, values, and circumstances is the defining feature of evidence-based practice. Significant and rational for using evidence in practice in nursing care Evidence-based practice (EBP) is an approach to health care where the best evidence possible is used in health professionals to make clinical decisions for individual. It involves complex and conscientious decision-making based on the available evidence, patient characteristics, situations, and preferences( McKibbon, 1998). Evidence-based practice in nursing is defined as â€Å"integration of the best evidence available, nursing expertise, and the values and preferences of the individuals, families and communities who are served† (Sigma Theta Tau International position statement on evidence-based practice February 2007 summary, 2008). The gist of evidence based health care is the integration of individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence and the values and expectations of the patient. There are different recourses of evidence which includes the following: †¢Research Evidence: which refers to methodologically sound, clinically relevant research about the effectiveness and safety of interventions, the accuracy of assessment measures, the strength of causal relationships and the cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions. †¢Patients Experiences and Preferences: identification and consideration of patient’s experiences and preferences are central to evidence-based decision making. Patients may have varying views about their health care options, depending on factors such as their condition personal values and experiences, degree of aversion to risk, resources, availability of information, cultural beliefs, and family influences. †¢ Clinical Expertise. AS the mixing of these different types of evidence may be influenced by factors in the practice context such as available resources, practice cultures and norms leadership styles, and data management, we must consider the level of evidence while using the research evidence to take the proper decision, look to appendix A which is represent the level of evidence. (Haynes, Devereaux, Guyatt, 2002; Sigma Theta Tau International position statement on evidence-based practice February 2007 summary, 2008). Evidence-based practice is a prominent issue in international health care which is intended to develop and promote an explicit and rational process for clinical decision making that emphasizing the importance of incorporating the best research findings into clinical care to ensure the best possible treatment and care derived from the best available evidence (E. Fineout-Overholt, Levin, Melnyk, 2004) Once a new research is completed new evidence comes into play every day, technology advances, and patients present with unique challenges and personal experiences(Krainovich-Miller, Haber, Yost, Jacobs, 2009). The nurse who bases practice on what was learned in basic nursing education soon becomes outdated, then becomes dangerous. Patients are not safe if they do not receive care that is based on the best evidence available to assist them at the time their needs arise, so all aspects of nursing, from education to management to direct patient care, should be based on the best evidence available at the time (Reavy Tavernier, 2008). Through reviewing the literature there is a dramatically changing and advancing in the technology, available body information and quality of care provided, the rapid pace of change in healthcare delivery coupled with professional responsibilities of nurses to incorporate research evidence into their provided care and decision making underscores the need to understand the factors involved in implementing evidence-based practice (Bostrà ¶m, Ehrenberg, Gustavsson, Wallin, 2009; Ellen Fineout-Overholt, Williamson, Kent, Hutchinson, 2010; Gerrish, et al., 2011; Gifford, Davies, Edwards, Griffin, Lybanon, 2007). Before that nurses must first believe that basing their practice on the best evidence will lead to the highest quality of care and outcomes for patients and their families(Ellen Fineout-Overholt, et al., 2010; Melnyk, et al., 2004). To let change occuring, â€Å"there must be a clear vision, written goals, and a well-developed strategic plan, including strategies for overcoming anticipated barriers along the course of the change†(Melnyk, et al., 2004). Emerging evidence indicates that the  leadership behaviors of nurse managers and administrators play an important role in successfully utlizing research evidence into clinical nursing(Amabile, Schatzel, Moneta, Kramer, 2004; Antrobus Kitson, 1999; Gifford, et al., 2007). There is a consistency between many researches that clamethe importance role of the leadership and leadership factors such as support and commitment of managers on the staff at the implication of EBP(Aitken, et al., 2011; Antrobus Kitson, 1999; Melnyk, et al., 2004; Winch, Creedy, Chaboyer, 2002). Nurse managers and administrators are responsible for the professional practice environments where nurses provide care, and are strategically positioned to enable nurses to use research. As being a role model, administrators must be committed to provide the necessary resources such as EBP mentors, computers, and EBP education. Some administrators have tried to encourage a change to EBP by integrating EBP competencies into clinical promotions. However, Miller (2010) argue that this extrinsic motivational strategy is unlikely to be as effective as when people are intrinsically motivated to change. Also there is a claimed that if people are involved in the strategic planning process, they ar e more likely to change to EBP. Intervention protocol for promoting nurses compliance to EBP As the Decision making in health care has changed dramatically, with nurses expected to make choices which based on the best available evidence and continually review them as new evidence comes to light (Pearson et al, 2007). Evidence-based practice involves the use of reliable, explicit and judicious evidence to make decisions about the care of individual patients. As an important role in providing safe and high quality care the nurses must take into account the quality of evidence, assessing the degree to which it meets the four principles of feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness and (Doody Doody, 2011; Johnson, Gardner, Kelly, Maas, McCloskey, 1991). What nurses need to operate in an evidence-based manner, is to be aware of how to introduce, develop and evaluate evidence-based practice. There more than one model for introducing the EBP in health care one of them that I chose is the Iowa model. The Iowa model focuses on organization and collaboration incorporating conduct use of research, along with other types of evidence(Doody Doody, 2011; Johnson, et al., 1991). Since its origin in 1994, it has been continually referenced in nursing journal articles and extensively used in clinical research programmes. This model uses key triggers that can be either problem focused or knowledge focused, leading staff to question current nursing practices and whether care can be improved through the use of current research findings(Bauer, 2010; Doody Doody, 2011; Johnson, et al., 1991; Titler, et al., 2001). By using Iowa Model; a question is generated either from a problem or as a result of becoming aware of new knowledge. Then a determination is made about the question relevance to organizational priorities. If the question posed is relevant, then the next step is to determine if there is any evidence to answer the question. Once the evidence has been examined, if there is sufficient evidence, then a pilot of the practice change is performed. If there is insufficient evidence, then the model supports that new evidence should be generated through research (Bauer, 2010). Step one of the Iowa model is to formulate a question. The question if asked in a PICO format is easier to use to search the literature. A PICO format uses the following method to frame the question: Frame question in PICO format †¢ P= Population of interest †¢ I= Intervention †¢ C= Comparison of what you will do †¢ O= Outcome(Hoogendam, de Vries Robbà ©, Overbeke, 2012). The final step to the process is to share the outcomes of the practice change with other in the form of an article or poster. In using the Iowa model, there are seven steps to follow in detail as it is outlined in the figure shown in appendix B. Step 1: Selection of a topic In selecting a topic for evidence-based practice, several factors need to be considered. These include the priority and magnitude of the problem, its application to all areas of practice, its contribution to improving care, the availability of data and evidence in the problem area, the multidisciplinary nature of the problem, and the commitment of staff. Step 2: Forming a team The team is responsible for development, implementation, and evaluation. The composition of the team should be directed by the chosen topic and include all interested stakeholders. The process of changing a specific area of practice will be assisted by specialist staff team members, who can provide input and support, and discuss the practicality of guideline. A bottom-up approach to implementing evidence-based practice is essential as change is more successful when initiated by frontline practitioners, rather than imposed by management. Staff support is also important. Without the necessary resources and managerial involvement, the team will not feel they have the authority to change care or the support from their organization to implement the change in practice. To develop evidence-based practice at unit level, the team should draw up written policies, procedures and guidelines that are evidence based. Interaction should take place between the organization’s direct care providers and management such as nurse managers, to support these changes(Antrobus Kitson, 1999; Cookson, 2005; Doody Doody, 2011; Hughes, Duke, Bamford, Moss, 2006). Step 3: Evidence retrieval Evidence should be retrieved through electronic databases such as Cinahl, Medline, Cochrane and up-to-date web site. Step 4: Grading the evidence To grade the evidence, the team will address quality areas of the individual research and the strength of the body of evidence overall (see appendix A for level of evidence). Step 5: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) standard After a critique of the literature, team members come together to set recommendations for practice. The type and strength of evidence used in practice needs to be and based in the consistency of replicated studies. The design of the studies and recommendations made should be based on identifiable benefits and risks to the patient. This sets the standard of practice guidelines, assessments, actions, and treatment as required. These will be based on the group decision, considering the relevance for practice, its feasibility, appropriateness, meaningfulness, and effectiveness for practice. To support evidence-based practice, guidelines should be devised for the patient group, health screening issues addressed, and policy and procedural guidelines devised highlighting frequency and areas of screening. Evidence-based practice is ideally a patient centered approach, which when implemented is highly individualized. Step 6: Implementing EPB For implementation to occur, aspects such as written policy, procedures and guidelines that are evidence based need to be considered. There needs to be a direct interaction between the direct care providers, the organization, and its leadership roles (e.g. nurse managers) to support these changes. The evidence also needs to be diffused and should focus on its strengths and perceived benefits, including the manner in which it is communicated. This can be achieved through in-service education, audit and feedback provided by team members. Social and organizational factors can affect implementation and there needs to be support and value placed on the integration of evidence into practice and the application of research findings(Aitken, et al., 2011; Doody Doody, 2011; Gerrish, et al., 2011; Reavy Tavernier, 2008) Step 7: Evaluation Evaluation is essential to seeing the value and contribution of the evidence into practice. A baseline of the data before implementation would benefit, as it would show how the evidence has contributed to patient care. Audit and feedback through the process of implementation should be conducted and support from leaders and the organization is needed for success. Evaluation will highlight the programme’s impact. Barriers also need to be identified. Information and skill deficit are common barriers to evidence-based practice. A lack of knowledge regarding the indications and contraindications, current recommendations, and guidelines or results of research, has the potential to cause nurses to feel they do not have sufficient training, skill or expertise to implement the change. Awareness of evidence must be increased to promote the translation of evidence into practice . A useful method for identifying perceived barriers is the use of a force field analysis conducted by the team leader. Impact evaluation, which relates to the immediate effect of the intervention, should be carried out. However, some benefits may only become apparent after a considerable period of time. This is known as the sleep effect. On the contrary, the back-sliding effect could also occur where the intervention has a more or less immediate effect, which decreases over time. We must not to evaluate  too late, to avoid missing the measures of the immediate impact. Even if we do observe the early effect, we cannot assume it will last. Therefore, evaluation should be carried out at different periods during and following the intervention (Doody Doody, 2011). Nursing leadership is an essential role for promoting evidence-based practice while the nurse managers and administrators are responsible for the professional practice environments where nurses provide care, are strategically positioned to enable nurses to use research. AS the leadership is essential for creating change for effective patient care the leadership behaviors are critical in successfully influencing the stimulation, acceptance, and utilization of innovations in organizations (Antrobus Kitson, 1999; Gifford, et al., 2007). From my perspective I consider that the leaders and managers are the corner stone for utilizing researches and make practices based on evidence. By playing a role model for staff and handling the authority they have a magic force to urges the staff to use evidence based in there practice. Leaders can encourage the staff to use EBP in their practice in several ways such as increase the staff awareness, stimulating the intrinsic motivation of people, implying an effort to increase the will and internal desire to change through support encouragement, education, and appealing to a common purpose, monitoring performance, strengthen the body of knowledge that the staff have by forcing them to attend and participate in conferences, workshops Journal clups, giving rewards to staff who collaborate in finding, utilizing and applying the EBP and make promotion and appraisal according to adherence to application of EBP. Implication of EBP For implementation to occur, aspects such as written policy, procedures and guidelines that are evidence based need to be considered. There needs to be a direct interaction between the direct care providers, the organization, and its leadership roles (e.g. nurse managers) to support these changes. The evidence also needs to be diffused and should focus on its strengths and perceived benefits, including the manner in which it is communicated. This can be achieved through in-service education, audit and feedback provided by team members. Social and organizational factors can affect implementation and there needs to be support and value placed on the integration of evidence into practice and the application of research findings. There are many ways that can be used to create an environment to implement and sustain an area of EBP such as : -Development of EBP champions; Use of EBP mentors; Provision of resources such as time and money; Creation of a culture and expectation related to EBP; Use of practical strategies including EBP workgroups, journal club and nursing rounds (Aitken, et al., 2011). EBP is being used in every aspect of the life, especially in the health care. The most common application of EBP is not only in intervention or treatment plane, but also the EBP process has been applied to making choices about diagnostic tests and protocols to insure thorough and accurate diagnosis, selecting preventive or harm-reduction interventions or programs, determining the etiology of a disorder or illness, determining the course or progression of a disorder or illness, determining the prevalence of symptoms as part of establishing or refining diagnostic criteria, completing economic decision-making about medical and social service programs. Nursing research proves pivotal to achieving Magnet recognition, yet the term research often evokes an hunch of mystery. Most of the policy, guidelines. And protocols that guide the work in the organization are based on evidance (Weeks Satusky, 2005). Also, it is also useful to think of EBP as a much larger social movement. Drisko and Grady (2012) argue that at a macro-level, EBP is actively used by policy makers to shape service delivery and funding. EBP is impacting the kinds of interventions that agencies offer, and even shaping how supervision is done. EBP is establishing a hierarchy of research evidence that is privileging experimental research over other ways of knowing. There are other aspects of EBP beyond the core practice decision-making process that are re-shaping social work practice, social work education, and our clients lives. As such, it may be viewed as a public idea or a social movement at a macro level (Evidence-Based Practice: Why Does It Matter?, 2012). Cost effectiveness of using EBP in health care  Beneficial outcomes of the implementation and use of evidence-based practice by staff nurses include increased ability to offer safe, cost-effective,  and patient-specific interventions. Critical thinking skills and leadership abilities can also grow because of the use of evidence based practice; it is a way for staff nurses to become involved in change and regain ownership of their practice (Reavy Tavernier, 2008). EBP used in clinical practice lead to make improvement in quality of provided care, which lead to improve the patients outcome, patient satisfaction and employee satisfaction. All these aspect are directly and indirectly lead to increase the cost effectiveness of the organization. When the patient satisfaction increased the patient acceptance to the organization increased, the employee satisfaction also increases and turnover will decrease all these things will increase the financial revenue to the organization. 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